Prevention Is Key to Avoiding Heat Stroke

5/19/2022

By John Conlon, D.O., Laredo Medical Center Chief Medical Officer

Ironically, the first sign of dangerous heat stroke or heat-related illness is often the absence of sweat. As the temperature rises, your body’s natural cooling mechanism – perspiration – evaporates and helps to cool your body. But on those really hot and humid days, evaporation is slowed and your body runs a higher risk of heat exhaustion or heat stroke.

Virtually all heat-related illnesses are preventable. Be extra careful when the heat index is 90 degrees or above, and always drink plenty of water or fluids with electrolytes when the heat index is high. If you must be outdoors, take frequent breaks inside or in the shade. Heat stroke can affect people of any age or fitness level – don’t underestimate the danger.

Heat exhaustion is a precursor to heat stroke. If you experience any of these symptoms, get out of the heat immediately and to a cool place, and slowly drink water or other fluids with salt or sugar:

• Pale skin
• Fatigue or weakness
• Dizziness or nausea
• Profuse sweating
• Rapid pulse or fast, shallow breathing
• Muscle weakness or cramps

Do NOT drink caffeine or alcohol, and if you don’t feel better within 30 minutes, seek medical help. Heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke if not treated.

These more dangerous warning signs can indicate heat stroke is imminent:

• Skin that feels hot and dry, but not sweaty
• Confusion or loss of consciousness
• Throbbing headache
• Frequent vomiting
• Trouble breathing

Heat stroke is more serious than heat exhaustion, and it can be life-threatening. If you or someone you know experiences signs of heatstroke, remember NOT to attempt to bring down the temperature too quickly. Don’t use ice or ice water. Attempt to bring down the temperature gradually with cool spray or mild air conditioning, and dial 911 or proceed immediately to the nearest ER.

Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to heat-related illness. Babies and young children, the elderly or infirmed, and people on certain medications are all at increased risk. So, be an alert and informed neighbor this summer. Check on elderly neighbors regularly, and take action immediately if you see children or pets left in vehicles.

For information about medical services, or to find a primary care physician, visit https://bit.ly/3NloLTg.

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